Electricity import and export were also counted among the activities that can be carried out in the market provided that a license is obtained in the Electricity Market Law No. 6446 and a regulation has been made on this subject in article 12 of the Law. Based on this article, EMRA has regulated the export and import of electrical energy. This regulation is the Electricity Market Import and Export Regulation.
The purpose of this Regulation is in the electricity market; Regulations on electrical energy import-export activities and the determination of the principles regarding the capacity allocation of international interconnection lines and the use of cross-border electricity energy trade.
Interconnection is defined as the connection of the national electricity system consisting of the sum of transmission and distribution systems to the electricity system of another country. With this system, electricity import and export is realized between countries.
Electricity export to countries for which interconnection condition has been established or electricity imports to be made from these countries can be made with the approval of EMRA by taking the opinion of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. However, companies with private sector procurement licenses that want to import/export are required to carry out electrical energy import and/or export activities in their licenses. In the licenses of these companies, EÜAŞ must include electrical energy import and/or export activities in accordance with electrical energy import or export agreements signed within the scope of intergovernmental agreements, and import and export activities within the scope of electrical energy exchange, and generation companies, electrical energy export activities. However, the import activity of these legal entities is regulated within the scope of supply licenses and export activities within the scope of supply or production licenses, therefore, a separate license is not required.
Capacity Allocation in Interconnection Lines
Interconnection lines that can import / export electrical energy are announced by the System Operator. System Operator refers to the relevant Distribution Company for the network of 36 kV and below and to TEİAŞ for the network above 36 kV.
Allocation of interconnection line capacities, monitoring of interconnection line usage and constraint management in these lines are carried out by the System Operator.
The System Operator acts in accordance with the principles of non-discrimination between equal parties, development of competition and transparency in determining and applying the interconnection line capacity allocation method.
In the allocation of interconnection capacities that connect national electrical systems, if the demand total of market participants for cross-border electrical energy trade is greater than the Available Capacity, there is a constraint. In case of constraints, the capacity of the interconnection line is offered to market participants through a competition.
In order to increase trade and competition in the electricity market, the System Operator may have legal entities holding supply licenses, import and / or export activities, and generation licensee legal entities build interconnection facilities, provided that all rights and authorities regarding their ownership and operation within the scope of export activity are on behalf of and on behalf of the System Operator.
Imports
Import of electrical energy is possible;
- Synchronous parallel operation of the national electricity system and the electricity system of the country from which electricity will be imported,
- A production facility in the electricity system of the country where electrical energy will be imported or one or more units of this facility can be operated in parallel with the national electricity system,
- Asynchronous parallel connection,
- In order to supply electrical energy in border regions, if the import of electricity is temporarily allowed by the isolated zone method by EMRA, an isolated zone to be created in the country is fed by interconnection lines.
Export
Export of electrical energy is possible;
- Synchronous parallel operation of the national electricity system and the electricity system of the countries where electricity will be exported,
- A production facility within the borders of the country or one or more units of this facility can be operated in parallel with the electricity system of the country where the electrical energy will be exported,
- Asynchronous parallel connection,
- Feeding an isolated area to be built in the country where electrical energy will be exported by interconnection lines.
Synchronous Parallel Connections
For synchronous parallel connections, companies with supply license who want to carry out import/export activities by using the interconnection line capacity can participate in the tenders for capacity allocations announced by the import/export party, and if they are entitled to capacity allocation, they can import/export of electricity for the amount and duration allocated.
For synchronous parallel connections, companies with generation license who want to operate for export by using the interconnection line capacity can participate in the tenders for capacity allocations announced by the exporter, and if they are entitled to capacity allocation, they can export electrical energy for the amount and duration allocated. The capacity to be given to companies holding a generation license cannot exceed the total installed power value of the relevant company in the business.
Persons who have obtained the right of commercial transmission in countries with synchronous parallel connections agree with legal entities that may engage in import and / or export activities in order to realize cross-border electricity trade with Turkey.
Commercial Transmission Right holders who do not declare that they will use all or part of the allocated capacity amounts in synchronous parallel connections within the notification period specified in the tender document, lose their usage rights in the unused part of the said capacity. The capacity in question is re-tendered in accordance with the tender periods. The payment obligations arising from the allocation of the legal persons who lost their usage rights continue.
In order to carry out import activities in synchronous non-parallel connections, an application must be made to EMRA. The documents to be submitted in this application are shown in Article 8 of the Regulation.
Legal entities holding a supply license or production license as a result of providing these documents in full, to import / export to countries or countries where international interconnection condition has been established through the lines to be made, legal entities holding a generation license in import and / or export activities for legal entities holding a supply license If an application has been made to engage in export activities, EMRA takes the opinion of the Ministry and the System Operator's opinion on technical issues. If the opinions are positive, the application is announced on EMRA's website. Within 15 days following the announcement, generation license holder legal entities who want to carry out export activities by using the same line as the supply license holder legal entities who want to engage in import and / or export activities by using the same line can also apply to EMRA. New applications will not be accepted for the same line until the applications made on time are answered.
In connections other than synchronous parallel connections, the license holder legal entities who are entitled to the interconnection line capacity allocation must use the interconnection lines at or above the specified usage rate. Except for the occurrence of constraints after the allocation in the capacity allocation of the interconnection line, an evaluation is made at the end of each month, excluding the first one month after the start of the capacity utilization period of the line and the last three months. Considering the allocated capacity, if the utilization factor to be calculated is less than 60% for the last month or less than 70% of the average of the last three months, the System Operator applies to EMRA for the cancellation of the capacity allocation. If the cancellation of the interconnection line capacity utilization right is deemed appropriate by EMRA's decision, the System Operator announces that the relevant user's interconnection line capacity allocation will be canceled and the allocation will be made for the remaining usage period and / or the new usage period. The rights of the relevant user continue until the right of use is canceled by the decision of the Board, however, the fulfillment of the terms of use subject to the cancellation of the relevant user within this period does not bring new rights and does not damage the rights of the new user. If there is a difference between the congestion management fee to be paid by the new user who will replace the old user and the costs paid by the old user, this difference is allocated from the old user.
If a legal entity engaged in import / export activities in connections other than synchronous parallel connections wishes to complete this activity under its license, it must apply to the System Operator at least 4 months before the date the activity is intended to be terminated. If there is a difference between the congestion management fee to be paid by the new user who will replace the old user and the costs paid by the old user, this difference is allocated from the old user.
Liabilities of the Legal Person
An Interconnection Usage Agreement is signed between the System Operator and the legal entity using the international interconnection connection. These legal entities are obliged to make the notifications specified in the Interconnection Usage Agreement to the System Operator and to make the payments determined according to the procedures and principles in the legislation.
The supplier companies in charge should carry out the sale of the imported electrical energy to non-eligible consumers in accordance with the provisions of the legislation on electricity market tariffs.
Licensed legal entities are obliged to submit any additional information and documents requested by EMRA regarding import and/or export activities.